史彌遠（1164年2月23日 - 1233年），字
同叔，中國
南宋中期權臣。
孝宗時代宰相
史浩之子。兩浙東路鄞縣人（今浙江寧波）。封會稽郡王，（從一品），追封衛王、諡「忠獻」。
顯示更多...: 生平 矯詔擁立宋理宗 家族 評價 注釋
生平
淳熙六年（1179年），以蔭官補承事郎，八年（1181年），轉宣義郎。淳熙十四年（1187年），中進士。
宋寧宗時任禮部侍郎，開禧二年（1206年）當時宰相韓侂冑打破了隆興和議，展開開禧北伐，為金人所敗，金人以殺韓侂胄為談和條件。三年（1207年）在寧宗與楊皇后授意下，史彌遠派人刺殺了韓侂冑，是為玉津園之變，還將韓侂冑首級交給金國，並主持與金人的談和，嘉定元年（1208年）成為宰相，掌握南宋的實權。
矯詔擁立宋理宗
史彌遠權勢熏灼，太子趙竑心不能平，常說要發配史彌遠到八千里外，並且預先定好「瓊州或崖州」為其貶謫之處，史彌遠恐懼，潛謀「伊尹、霍光之事」。嘉定十七年（1224年）寧宗病危，於是假傳聖旨立沂王趙貴誠為皇子，寧宗駕崩後，他聯同楊皇后義兄楊次山子楊谷及楊石，成功勸服楊皇后，矯詔擁立皇子趙貴誠繼位，是為宋理宗，並貶趙竑為濟王，藩封霅川（今浙江湖州）。寶慶元年（1225年）正月，霅川之變發生，又藉口謀反罪，賜死趙竑，趙竑自縊，史彌遠對外謊稱病死。彌遠因立宋理宗之功，更加掌握大權，至到1233年去世之前，史彌遠一直掌握南宋實權，前後掌政約25年，是宋朝掌政最久的宰輔。
宋朝以左相為尊，史彌遠卻刻意屈於右相，目的是使政壇無人敢挑戰其權威，更藉此造成長期「獨相」執政的局面。
彌遠死後，理宗得以親政，但其姪史嵩之仍居高位掌權。史浩、史彌遠、史嵩之祖孫三代皆拜相。史彌遠的政治地位過于突出，宋理宗的光芒亦被湮沒，有「淵默十年無為」之說。
家族
• 高祖母：葉氏
• 曾祖父：史詔
• 祖父：史師仲
• 祖母：洪氏
• 父：史浩
• 母：周氏
• 兄：史彌大、史彌正
• 弟：史彌堅
• 妻：潘友松（潘畤與李孟琰之女）
• 妾：黎妙沖
• 子：史宅之、史宇之
• 女：史氏，嫁趙汝禖
• 族侄：史嵩之
• 甥：夏周篆
評價
史彌遠篡改寧宗的遺詔，立宋理宗繼位，並假借霅川之變迫死濟王趙竑，幹擾皇統的繼立。比南宋其他的權臣更為過份，例如秦檜察覺身為皇子的宋孝宗經常與自己作對，但最後並沒有成功改變宋孝宗皇儲的身份。但史彌遠不同於南宋其他權臣（如秦檜妻族），其家族並未顯達。而更不像韓侂冑鋒芒太露。
史彌遠並不太反對理學，所以《宋史》未將史彌遠列入《奸臣傳》；但實際其權勢滔天，中飽私囊，鎮壓異己，廢殺皇儲等，使得南宋正式步入腐敗下坡期，評其為奸臣也不為過。僅因為理學家的刻意包容，所以未能列入《奸臣傳》。《宋史·史彌遠傳》只形容彌遠「迨寧宗崩，廢濟王，非寧宗意。立理宗，又獨相九年，擅權用事，專任儉壬。理宗德其立己之功，不思社稷大計，雖台諫言其奸惡，弗恤也。」而傳中評論又指出「史彌遠廢親立疏，諱聞直言。.....彌遠之罪既著，故當時不樂嵩之之繼也，因喪起復，群起攻之，然固將才也。」
注釋
以上介紹摘自維基百科；若有錯漏，敬請在維基百科上修改
來源條目。
Shi Miyuan 史彌遠; February 23, 1164 – November 27, 1233) was a Chinese politician during the Southern Song Dynasty. He was instrumental in installing
Emperor Lizong on the throne, despite the fact that Lizong was not in the line of succession. Under Lizong's rule, Shi was appointed Grand Chancellor.
Shi hailed from a family of bureaucrats and was adept in politics. He took the Imperial examinations at the age of only seventeen, and placed first in his class. After the dismissal of Han Tuozhou as Chief Councillor, Shi was appointed to the position in 1208 (a number of historians accuse Shi of orchestrating Han's murder). Once in power, he reversed many of Han's policies, making peace with the Jin and revoking proscriptions against the Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi, although he still did not allow adherents of Zhu Xi's theories any great political power. He generally promoted officials on merit and was able to restore a degree of stability to government.
顯示更多...: Imperial succession
Imperial succession
When the Emperor Ningzong died in 1224, the succession wasn't known as Ningzong had not designated an heir. Ningzong's eldest son had died in 1197 and all of his other sons were dead too so the appointed heir was therefore adopted (the crown prince in 1224 was actually the third boy Ningzong had adopted for the role). Shi moved to place Zhao Yun (a minor imperial prince) on the throne ahead of the heir apparent. In some histories, it is suggested that Shi placed a lute-playing courtesan in the crown prince's company, and through her learned of the heir apparent's plot to remove Shi from power after attaining the throne. In changing the order of succession, he had the unwilling support of Empress Yang, who was initially against the plot but was forced to assist after Shi threatened to exterminate her clan. She forged an edict appointing Zhao Yun as heir, and he was crowned as the Emperor Lizong.
Shi Miyuan died in office in 1233 and was succeeded by Ding Daquan.
以上介紹摘自維基百科；若有錯漏，敬請在維基百科上修改
來源條目。
