舊五代史 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃

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ctext:455369

關係	對象	文獻依據
type	work
name	五代史
name	舊五代史	default
authority-wikidata	Q1333316
link-wikipedia_zh	旧五代史
link-wikipedia_en	Old_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties
ctext-work	ctp:work:wb651954
creator	person:薛居正	《宋史·志第一百五十六 {{藝文二 (史類一)}}》：薛居正《五代史》一百五十卷
indexed-in	work:宋史	《宋史·志第一百五十六 {{藝文二 (史類一)}}》：薛居正《五代史》一百五十卷
juan-size 150		《宋史·志第一百五十六 {{藝文二 (史類一)}}》：薛居正《五代史》一百五十卷
stated-category 正史
indexed-in	work:清史稿	《清史稿·志一百二十一藝文二史部》：宋薛居正等舊五代史一百五十卷、目錄二卷，宋吳縝五代史記纂誤三卷。
juan-size 150		《清史稿·志一百二十一藝文二史部》：宋薛居正等舊五代史一百五十卷、目錄二卷，宋吳縝五代史記纂誤三卷。
stated-category 正史
indexed-in	work:四庫全書總目提要	《四庫全書總目提要·卷46 史部·正史類二》：《舊五代史》一百五十卷、《目錄》二卷{{永樂大典本}}
juan-size 150
stated-category 正史
indexed-in	work:直齋書錄解題	《直齋書錄解題·卷四》：《五代史》一百五十卷
juan-size 150
indexed-in	work:四庫全書簡明目錄	《四庫全書簡明目錄·卷五》：《舊五代史》一百五十卷，目錄二卷
juan-size 150
stated-category 正史
work-subject	dynasty:後梁
work-subject	dynasty:後唐
work-subject	dynasty:後晉
work-subject	dynasty:後漢
work-subject	dynasty:後周
completed-date	開寶七年閏十月甲子 974/12/6	《四庫全書總目提要·卷46 史部·正史類二》：《玉海》引《中興書目》云：「開寶六年四月戊申，詔修《五代史》。七年閏十月甲子，書成。

《舊五代史》，北宋薛居正等撰。原名《梁唐晉漢周書》，概稱《五代史》。原本已佚，今本乃邵晉涵等四庫館臣自《永樂大典》等文獻中輯出，是二十四史中唯一輯本。

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以上介紹摘自維基百科；若有錯漏，敬請在維基百科上修改來源條目。

The Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiù Wǔdài Shǐ) was an official history of the Five Dynasties (907–960), which controlled much of northern China. It was compiled by the Song Dynasty official-scholar Xue Juzheng in the first two decades of the Song Dynasty, which was founded in 960. It is one of the Twenty-Four Histories recognized through Chinese history.

The book comprises 150 chapters, and was in effect divided into 5 books, Book of Liang, Book of Tang, Book of Jin, Book of Han and Book of Zhou. After the New History of the Five Dynasties by Ouyang Xiu was published, it was no longer popular. In the 12th century it was removed from the Imperial Library and was no longer published by order of the Jin dynasty. The book was lost during this period.

During the 18th century, Qing Dynasty scholars found many complete quotes of the book in Yongle Da Dian. They extracted them and together with other sources of the same period, they were able to largely reconstruct the book, although missing a few chapters. Despite rumours that copies of the original book exist, none have been found.

The Five Dynasties

The Five Dynasties comprised a string of dynasties in northern China that succeeded one another from 907 to 960. They bridge the time from which the Tang Dynasty fell in 907 to the rise of the Song Dynasty in 960, which eventually conquered all but the very northernmost reaches of China.

The Five Dynasties are the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou.

Xue Juzheng

Xue Juzheng (912–981) lived through all five of the Five Dynasties and received his jinshi examination degree under the Later Tang. He then continued to hold office through the three subsequent dynasties. He took service with the Song Dynasty when it established itself in northern China in 960.

Purpose

The primary purpose of The Five Dynasties History was to establish the claim of the Song Dynasty to the Mandate of Heaven, essentially the divine right to rule the Chinese realm. The Song Dynasty took over control of northern China from the last of the Five Dynasties, the Later Zhou. From there, they conquered southern China to eventually rule all but the northern fringe of China known as the Sixteen Prefectures, which was under the control of the Khitan Liao Dynasty. Xue sought to establish the claim of the Song Dynasty to the Mandate of Heaven through the succession of the Five Dynasties.

Xue argued that as each of these five dynasties controlled the traditional heart of China and held territory vastly larger than any of the kingdoms to the south, the Mandate naturally flowed through these dynasties.

Issues

In establishing the path of the Mandate through from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty through the Five Dynasties, there are several issues that Xue Zhucheng had to address. The first of these was the brutality exercised by the Later Liang, the first of the five dynasties. Zhu Wen's brutality led many to want to exclude that dynasty from the Mandate of Heaven due to the requirement that the leader work with benevolence.

Another issue had to do with the middle three, the Later Tang, Later Jin, and Later Han respectively. None of these were Han Chinese ruled dynasties, but were led by Shato.

The final major hurdle was related to the ability to rule all of China. While each of these five dynasties held more territory than any of the other Chinese polities of the era, none of them had a realistic chance of conquering the southern kingdoms and uniting the entire realm.

Legacy

Xue's work provides valuable historical information regarding the Five Dynasties that ruled most of northern China from 907 to 960, relied on by historians today for much of what is known about this period of Chinese history.

However, another legacy of the book is the use of official histories to strengthen claims to the Mandate of Heaven, including the bending of historical fact to suit the needs of the patron dynasty. Although this was not the first instance of distorting history to legitimize ruling claims (both within and outside China), the work strengthened this trend in Chinese history.

In addition, the book was used to legitimize foreign dynasties, which set up the justification for later conquest dynasties that would control much of China's destiny for most of the next millennium.

以上介紹摘自維基百科；若有錯漏，敬請在維基百科上修改來源條目。

文獻資料	引用次數
清史稿	1
金史	1
續資治通鑑	1
四庫全書總目提要	6
新五代史	2
資治通鑑	9
直齋書錄解題	1
廿二史劄記	3
宋史	3
四庫全書簡明目錄	1

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