王錫闡（1628年 - 1682年），字曉庵，號餘不、天同一生，江蘇吳江人，明末清初天文學家暨數學家。明亡後，終生不仕，一生鑽研曆法、天象。曾獨立發明計算金星凌日、水星凌日的方法，並提出推算日食、月食的方法。他與薛鳳祚並稱「南王北薛」。

王錫闡著有《曉庵新法》六卷、《歷說》六篇、《歷策》一篇、《大統西曆啟蒙》、《推步交朔測小記》、《圜解》、《三辰晷志》、《五星行度解》等。

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Wang Hsi-Shan or Wang Xishan 王錫闡 (23 July 1628 – 18 October 1682) was a Chinese astronomer, almanac maker, and mathematician who developed an independent cosmological view based on ideas from western astronomy and mathematics. He lived during the late Ming and early Qing period and published several manuscript works that have survived.

Wang was the son of Wang Pei-Chen and was born in Soochow. He was self taught and was said to be unimpressive in his appearance and made a living by teaching. He also had some wealthy patrons. The Chinese court of the Ming Dynasty had an astronomical bureau that included Jesuits who brought in knowledge of western astronomy and were involved in introducing calendar reforms. Wang began to study the motions of the stars, and planets using numerical approaches demonstrated in western teaching along with other scholars like Mei Wen-ting and Hsueh Feng-tso. In order to increase acceptability of their approaches, they invented the idea that these techniques had originated in China and had then been taken up from there by western scholars. In 1663 Wang produced tables to help calculating ephemerides, eclipses and solar transits of Venus and Mercury. In 1673 he published on the movements of the planets which considered moving spheres and forces acting on the planets from the outer periphery of these spheres. He divided a circle into 384 divisions rather than the 360 used in western instruments.