生平

遷居江都

初平三年（192年），孫策在孫堅下葬後舉家移居江都，並在那裏遇到張紘，孫策決定向袁術請得父親舊部，佔領吳會以報父仇，並留孫翊在內的家屬給張紘照顧。

繼兄人選

孫翊性格驍悍果烈，有其兄策之遺風。吳郡太守朱治舉薦為孝廉。孫翊嚴厲急躁，喜怒隨心所欲，朱治常常用道義向他責備數說

建安五年（200年），與二兄孫權俱受司空曹操徵辟。不久孫策去世，臨死前張昭等大臣希望孫策將兵權交給個性與孫策相似的三弟孫翊，但是孫策卻屬意二弟孫權，將印綬兵符交給了孫權。

鎮守丹楊

建安八年（203年），舅父吳景因已故驟逝，孫翊以偏將軍領丹楊太守，時年二十。當初孫權殺吳郡太守盛憲，盛憲以前的同僚孝廉媯覽、戴員逃亡匿藏於山中。孫翊到了丹楊上任後，以禮相待令媯覽為大都督督兵，戴員為郡丞。媯覽、戴員欲替盛憲報仇，與邊鴻親近，數次遭孫翊責難，於是密謀刺殺。因二哥孫權出討江夏太守黃祖，從而與其展開夏口之戰，他們就乘此找到機會實行計畫。

建安九年（204年），丹楊郡諸縣令長一齊會見孫翊，孫翊命妻子徐氏為他作宴卜卦，徐氏說卦相不佳有凶卦，勸孫翊不要作宴了。而孫翊認為長吏等官員來了很久，應該儘快讓他們離開，於是開始送客。平時孫翊出入時都會持刀，但當時因有醉意，所以空手送客，由此邊鴻趁機從後斬殺孫翊。

身後之事

當時郡中所有人都很忙碌，無人去救孫翊。邊鴻殺害孫翊後逃入山中，終被徐氏派人追捕擒獲。媯覽和戴員將殺害孫翊的罪責都推給邊鴻，並且下令斬首殺掉他，但孫翊的軍士與孫權的軍士都認定罪魁禍首是媯覽和戴員。廬江太守孫河得知孫翊被殺後趕到宛陵，責罵媯覽和戴員辦事不力令孫翊被殺。媯覽和戴員害怕事後被孫權處罰，於是又殺害了孫河，派人北上迎接揚州刺史劉馥，要劉馥領兵到歷陽，他們就在丹楊接應。

當時媯覽接收了孫翊的兵權甚至連財物、侍妾們，連帶貌美的孫翊之妻徐氏也想占為己有，徐氏忍辱負重，不敢直接反抗而假意答應，並對媯覽說：「只是我夫新喪，當務之急眼下正是替先夫服喪期間，妾心情抑鬱，如何能侍奉將軍？莫不如到了月底，讓我祭奠先夫後，脫去喪服，到時再順從將軍，豈不更好？」而以在月底的晦日祭奠完孫翊，脫去喪服，從而爭取到時間。徐氏秘密暗中聯絡孫翊親信部將孫高、傅嬰，並呼喚二位將軍進入內室，徐氏先是哭倒在地對二位將軍說：「媯覽勾結戴員作亂，謀害先夫，又將罪責歸咎於邊鴻，如今已經強奪了兵權與妾室，現在又要逼迫於我。我要替先夫報仇，只能假意應允媯覽的請求，還請兩位將軍助我殺賊，為先夫報仇。」孫、傅二人泣答曰：「夫人行此大禮，折煞小人也，請夫人快快請起。將軍府君生前在世時，待我二人恩重如山，將軍府君遇害，我二人無法相救將軍府君，本應追隨將軍府君殉逝，但為了報將軍府君厚恩，我二人苟活至今，正是為了殺賊報將軍府君之仇，今夫人與我二人心思相同，我二人均聽夫人聽候差遣，赴湯蹈火在所不辭。」徐氏對孫、傅二人答謝說：「先夫果然沒有看錯二位將軍。」於是徐氏與孫、傅二人開始謀劃佈局對付媯覽、戴員，孫高、傅嬰二人於是招集了舊日孫翊的二十多個可靠又信任的護衛隨從一起行事。晦日當天徐氏一身薰香，沐浴更衣，梳妝打扮，於房中設帳，實質卻將孫、傅等人秘密埋伏於屋中。為了不使媯覽懷疑，而笑面迎人，並派人請媯覽到其房中，媯覽暗中派人去看她，見徐氏的表現後也沒有再懷疑，於是前去。徐氏見媯覽就出門拜迎，但一拜後就立即呼叫二位將軍出來殺賊，孫高、傅嬰二人拔刀殺出，隨即將媯覽殺害，而隨從們也在外面將戴員殺了，徐氏遂以二人首級祭奠夫君孫翊之墓，隨後媯覽及戴員的家族亦遭孫權誅殺。二哥孫權率軍到丹楊，並提拔孫翊部將孫高、傅嬰升為牙門將，其餘隨從賞封金銀錢帛，孫權賞封完畢後，又親自祭拜一次孫翊墓。

家庭

祖父

• 孫鍾，孫堅之父。

父母

• 孫堅，父親，東漢破虜將軍，在與黃祖的作戰中因中流矢而陣亡，拜烏程侯，孫權稱帝後追諡其父親為武烈皇帝。

• 吳夫人，母親，孫堅元配妻子，孫權稱帝後追諡其母親為武烈皇后。

伯叔父

• 孫羌，孫堅之兄，伯父。

• 孫靜，孫堅之弟，叔父。

兄弟

• 孫策，長兄，東漢討逆將軍，吳國奠基者，拜吳侯，孫權稱帝後追諡其長兄為長沙桓王。

• 孫權，次兄，吳大帝，東吳開國君主。

• 孫匡，四弟，早死。

• 孫朗，庶弟，後遭孫權幽禁又逐出孫氏宗室。最後鬱鬱而終。

妹妹

• 孫夫人，名不詳，《三國演義》寫其名孫仁。戲曲稱作為孫尙香，後與劉備結婚。

妻子

• 徐氏，擅長占卜，又設計殺死媯覽和戴員為孫翊報仇。

兒子

• 孫松，字子喬，射聲校尉，封都鄉侯。黃龍三年卒。

部下

• 媯覽、戴員、邊鴻，殺害孫翊。

• 孫高、傅嬰，幫助孫翊妻徐氏殺死媯覽、戴員，孫權任命他們為牙門。

評價

陳壽：翊驍悍果烈，有兄策風。

Life

Sun Yi was the third son of the warlord Sun Jian and his wife Lady Wu. He was known for his martial valour and fiery personality, which made him resemble his eldest brother Sun Ce. He was nominated as a xiaolian (civil service candidate) by Zhu Zhi and served in the office of the Minister of Works. After Sun Jian was killed in action at the Battle of Xiangyang in 191, Sun Ce succeeded him and took over command of his troops. Between 194 and 199, Sun Ce launched a series of conquests in the Jiangdong region and established his power base there. In 200 CE, when Sun Ce was mortally wounded during a hunting expedition, his adviser Zhang Zhao and other subjects believed that he would designate Sun Yi as his successor, but Sun Ce chose his second brother Sun Quan instead.

In 202, Sun Quan killed Sheng Xian, the Administrator (太守) of Wu Commandery. Some of Sheng Xian's associates and protégés went into hiding in the mountainous areas of Jiangdong. In the following year, Wu Jing, the maternal uncle of Sun Quan and his brothers, died in office while serving as the Administrator of Danyang Commandery (丹楊郡). Sun Yi, who was 19 years old then and held the rank of a Lieutenant-General (偏將軍), was appointed as the new Administrator of Danyang. Danyang was adjacent to Wu Commandery, so Sun Yi reached out to some of the disgruntled followers of Sheng Xian, enticing them to Danyang and offering them positions in the Danyang administration in order to stabilise the region. Two of these men, Gai Lan (媯覽) and Dai Yuan (戴員) came to work for Sun Yi. Dai Yuan was appointed as a Civil Assistant (郡丞) while Gai Lan was given a high military command with the slightly irregular title "Grand Chief Controller" (大都督).

Gai Lan and Dai Yuan were still dissatisfied and they harboured the intention of rebelling. They forged close ties with Bian Hong (邊鴻, also rendered 邊洪), an aide of Sun Yi. Once, when Sun Quan was away on a campaign, they took advantage of the situation to set their plans into motion. At the time, the various chiefs of the counties in Danyang were scheduled to meet Sun Yi in the commandery capital. Before the meeting, Sun Yi asked his wife, Lady Xu (徐氏), who was versed in divination, to predict the events of the meeting. Lady Xu predicted ill luck and advised her husband to postpone the meeting, but Sun Yi wanted to settle the meeting quickly because the Chiefs had been waiting for some time since they arrived, so he hosted a banquet for them. Sun Yi often carried a sword with him when he travelled around, but he became tipsy after the feast so he was unarmed when he saw the guests off. Just then, Bian Hong attacked him from behind. The scene was thrown into disarray and no one came to Sun Yi's rescue so Sun died at the hands of Bian Hong. Bian Hong escaped to the hills after murdering Sun Yi, but was later killed by Gai Lan and Dai Yuan.

Post-mortem events

After Sun Yi's death, Sun He (孫河), a relative of Sun Quan's family, came to Wanling County (宛陵縣; present-day Xuancheng, Anhui), the capital of Danyang Commandery, to restore order. He blamed Gai Lan and Dai Yuan for Sun Yi's murder but was unable to exert control over the military forces in the commandery. Gai Lan and Dai Yuan became worried because Sun He, who had no blood relations with Sun Yi, was already so upset over Sun Yi's death. They believed that they would be in deeper trouble if Sun Quan (Sun Yi's brother) personally came to Danyang to pursue the matter, so they murdered Sun He as well. They then sent a messenger to Liu Fu, the Inspector (刺史) of Yang Province, and expressed their willingness to defect to Liu's side.

The other officers in Danyang were well aware that Gai Lan and Dai Yuan were the masterminds behind Sun Yi's murder but were unable to take action against the two men because their powers were limited. Gai Lan took over Sun Yi's residence and seized Sun's concubines and servants for himself. When he wanted to take Lady Xu (Sun Yi's widow), she declined, said that it was too soon after her husband's death to remarry, and told him to wait for a month. During the intervening period, Lady Xu secretly contacted Sun Gao (孫高), Fu Ying (傅嬰) and other former subordinates of Sun Yi, informed them of the circumstances, and plotted with them to avenge her husband. On the appointed day, Lady Xu changed out of her mourning garments and invited Gai Lan to her personal quarters, where Sun Gao and Fu Ying, in disguise as maids, ambushed and killed Gai while the others slew Dai Yuan. Gai Lan and Dai Yuan's heads were cut off and offered as propitiation at Sun Yi's altar. This incident shocked everyone in Danyang. Shortly thereafter, Sun Quan came to Danyang to reward those who remained loyal to Sun Yi and punish those who conspired with Gai Lan and Dai Yuan.

Family and descendants

Sun Yi's son, Sun Song (孫松), served as a Colonel of Trainee Archers (射聲校尉) and was made a Marquis of a Chief District (都鄉侯). Sun Song was known for being a gregarious and generous person and was the closest to Sun Quan among all of Sun Quan's younger male relatives. When Sun Song was stationed in Baqiu (巴丘), he was often reprimanded by Lu Xun, a senior Wu general and minister, for not maintaining good discipline in his unit and allowing his men to fool around. On one occasion, Lu Xun punished Sun Song's subordinates by ordering their heads to be shaved. Sun Song died in 231.